In the first lesson, you learned the stop consonants. In this lesson, we'll teach you the fricatives.
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v | f | dh | th | z | s | zh | sh | dz | ts | dj | ch | chʰ |
These six pairs all include a voiced consonant and its unvoiced twin. Most of the transcriptions are good guides to the pronunciation, but:
You'll notice that the bottom of the pair has a "stilt" that's missing from the bottoms of the letters from lesson 0, even though they're all pronounced at the front of the mouth. That's because are spoken with the bottom lip against the top teeth, while the others are all spoken with your lips together.
The affricates dz and ts aren't phonemes of English. but they're quite common as a result of adding an s to form a plural, a possessive, a contraction, or a 3rd person present verb: leads lead's or cats cat's what's eats. We always write words like these with affricate letters, not d+z or t+s.
Ready for a quiz? Choose the right letter for the first sound in each word.
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these | |||||||||||
cheap | |||||||||||
sheep | |||||||||||
jump | |||||||||||
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Now choose the right letter for the last sound in each word.
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soothe | |||||||||||
switch | |||||||||||
fishes | |||||||||||
tough | |||||||||||
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Change the gender of the following. There are some letters you don't know yet, but just read through them.
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