Letter Reference

Letter Table

Here's a reference table that shows most of the letters by position and manner of articulation. Some suffixes and all the orthophonic affixes aren't in this table, but they are in the list that follows.

Position
Devoiced Plosive
Voiced Plosive
Aspirated Plosive
Breathy Plosive
Ejective Plosive
Held Plosive
Implosive
Unvoiced Fricative
Voiced Fricative
Ejective Fricative
Approximant
Voiceless Approximant
Lateral
Voiceless Lateral
Nasal
Voiceless Nasal
Tap / Trill
Voiceless Tap / Trill
Click
Tap Affricate
/ Sibilant
Flap Affricate
/ Sibilant

Back Rounded Front Nasal
Suffix
Semivowel
Close Vowel
Near-Close Vowel
Close-Mid Vowel
Open-Mid Vowel
Open Vowel

Letter List

And here is a list of all the Musa letters in the codeset, which we'll discuss on the next page. (Ro-Musa shows our standard Roman transliteration, IPA shows the equivalent in the International Phonetic Alphabet, extIPA, or VoQS, X-S in X-SAMPA, and APA in WIELD's Americanist transcription system.) Click on the line to hear the sound that letter represents; if you hear a bell, that means we don't have a recording. The sound clips are from Wikipedia and are used in accordance with the Creative Commons license.

CodepointLetter NameRo-MusaIPAX-SAPAUnicode Name
E040 Yayaxs MUSA WORD SPACE
E041 Yafiar˩˧MUSA LOW RISING ACCENT
E042 Yafaal˩ MUSA LOW LEVEL ACCENT
E043 Yafuaf˧˩MUSA LOW FALLING ACCENT
E044 Fiyaar_hi˧˥MUSA HIGH RISING ACCENT
E045 Fifiar_ar?MUSA DOUBLE RISING ACCENT
E046 Fifaar_al˥˩MUSA HIGH RISING FINAL ACCENT
E047 Fifuar_af˧˥˩MUSA RISE FALLING ACCENT
E048 Fayaal_hi˥ MUSA HIGH LEVEL ACCENT
E049 Fafial_ar˧˥˥MUSA LOW RISING FINAL ACCENT
E04A Fafaal_al.MUSA DOUBLE LEVEL ACCENT
E04B Fafual_af˩˩˧MUSA LOW FALLING FINAL ACCENT
E04C Fuyaaf_hi˥˧MUSA HIGH FALLING ACCENT
E04D Fufiaf_ar˧˩˥MUSA FALL RISING ACCENT
E04E Fufaaf_al˥˧˩MUSA HIGH FALLING FINAL ACCENT
E04F Fufuaf_af!MUSA DOUBLE FALLING ACCENT
E050 Yuyaxl_hiːMUSA HIGH LONG MARK
E051 Yufixl_ar[MUSA HIGH RISING LONG MARK
E052 Yufaxl_al,MUSA HIGH LEVEL LONG MARK
E053 Yufuxl_af]MUSA HIGH FALLING LONG MARK
E054 YayuxlːMUSA LOW LONG MARK
E055 Fiyuxl_ar(MUSA LOW RISING LONG MARK
E056 Fayuxl_al¹MUSA LOW LEVEL LONG MARK
E057 Fuyuxl_af)MUSA LOW FALLING LONG MARK
E058 Nuyaxn_hi˜˜˛MUSA HIGH NASAL VOWEL
E059 Nufixn_arMUSA HIGH RISING NASAL VOWEL
E05A Nufaxn_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL NASAL VOWEL
E05B Nufuxn_afMUSA HIGH FALLING NASAL VOWEL
E05C YanuxnMUSA LOW NASAL VOWEL
E05D Finuar_xnMUSA LOW RISING NASAL VOWEL
E05E Fanual_xnMUSA LOW LEVEL NASAL VOWEL
E05F Funuaf_xnMUSA LOW FALLING NASAL VOWEL
E060 Muyaeu_hiɨ
ɯ
1
M
ɨ
ï
MUSA HIGH CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E061 Mufieu_arMUSA HIGH RISING CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E062 Mufaeu_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E063 Mufueu_afMUSA HIGH FALLING CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E064 YamueuMUSA LOW CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E065 Fimuar_euMUSA LOW RISING CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E066 Famual_euMUSA LOW LEVEL CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E067 Fumuaf_euMUSA LOW FALLING CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E068 Puyauh_hiʊUʊMUSA HIGH NEAR-CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E069 Pufiuh_arMUSA HIGH RISING NEAR-CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E06A Pufauh_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL NEAR-CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E06B Pufuuh_afMUSA HIGH FALLING NEAR-CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E06C YapuuhMUSA LOW NEAR-CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E06D Fipuar_uhMUSA LOW RISING NEAR-CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E06E Fapual_uhMUSA LOW LEVEL NEAR-CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E06F Fupuaf_uhMUSA LOW FALLING NEAR-CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E070 Nayaih_hiɪIɪMUSA HIGH NEAR-CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E071 Nafiih_arMUSA HIGH RISING NEAR-CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E072 Nafaih_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL NEAR-CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E073 Nafuih_afMUSA HIGH FALLING NEAR-CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E074 YanaihMUSA LOW NEAR-CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E075 Finaar_ihMUSA LOW RISING NEAR-CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E076 Fanaal_ihMUSA LOW LEVEL NEAR-CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E077 Funaaf_ihMUSA LOW FALLING NEAR-CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E078 Payaueh_hiʏYʊ̈MUSA HIGH NEAR-CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E079 Pafiueh_arMUSA HIGH RISING NEAR-CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E07A Pafaueh_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL NEAR-CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E07B Pafuueh_afMUSA HIGH FALLING NEAR-CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E07C Yapaueh MUSA LOW NEAR-CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E07D Fipaar_uehMUSA LOW RISING NEAR-CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E07E Fapaal_uehMUSA LOW LEVEL NEAR-CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E07F Fupaaf_uehMUSA LOW FALLING NEAR-CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E080 Kayaeah_hiɐ
ʌ
ɜ
6
V
3
ʌ
ɛ̇
MUSA HIGH OPEN-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E081 Kafieah_arMUSA HIGH RISING OPEN-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E082 Kafaeah_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL OPEN-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E083 Kafueah_afMUSA HIGH FALLING OPEN-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E084 YakaeahMUSA LOW OPEN-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E085 Fikaar_eahMUSA LOW RISING OPEN-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E086 Fakaal_eahMUSA LOW LEVEL OPEN-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E087 Fukaaf_eahMUSA LOW FALLING OPEN-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E088 Tayaeh_hiɛEɛMUSA HIGH OPEN-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E089 Tafieh_arMUSA HIGH RISING OPEN-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E08A Tafaeh_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL OPEN-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E08B Tafueh_afMUSA HIGH FALLING OPEN-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E08C Yataeh MUSA LOW OPEN-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E08D Fitaar_ehMUSA LOW RISING OPEN-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E08E Fataal_ehMUSA LOW LEVEL OPEN-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E08F Futaaf_ehMUSA LOW FALLING OPEN-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E090 Sayaoh_hiɔOɔMUSA HIGH OPEN-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E091 Safioh_arMUSA HIGH RISING OPEN-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E092 Safaoh_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL OPEN-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E093 Safuoh_afMUSA HIGH FALLING OPEN-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E094 YasaohMUSA LOW OPEN-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E095 Fisaar_ohMUSA LOW RISING OPEN-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E096 Fasaal_ohMUSA LOW LEVEL OPEN-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E097 Fusaaf_ohMUSA LOW FALLING OPEN-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E098 Wayaoeh_hiœ
ɞ
9
3\
ɔ̈
ɔ̇
MUSA HIGH OPEN-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E099 Wafioeh_arMUSA HIGH RISING OPEN-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E09A Wafaoeh_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL OPEN-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E09B Wafuoeh_afMUSA HIGH FALLING OPEN-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E09C YawaoehMUSA LOW OPEN-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E09D Fiwaar_oehMUSA LOW RISING OPEN-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E09E Fawaal_oehMUSA LOW LEVEL OPEN-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E09F Fuwaaf_oehMUSA LOW FALLING OPEN-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0A0 Mayaeuh_hiI\ɪ̈
MUSA HIGH NEAR-CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0A1 Mafieuh_arMUSA HIGH RISING NEAR-CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0A2 Mafaeuh_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL NEAR-CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0A3 Mafueuh_afMUSA HIGH FALLING NEAR-CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0A4 YamaeuhMUSA LOW NEAR-CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0A5 Fimaar_euhMUSA LOW RISING NEAR-CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0A6 Famaal_euhMUSA LOW LEVEL NEAR-CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0A7 Fumaaf_euhMUSA LOW FALLING NEAR-CLOSE BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0A8 Liyau_hiuuuMUSA HIGH CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0A9 Lifiu_arMUSA HIGH RISING CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0AA Lifau_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0AB Lifuu_afMUSA HIGH FALLING CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0AC Yaliu MUSA LOW CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0AD Filiar_uMUSA LOW RISING CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0AE Falial_uMUSA LOW LEVEL CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0AF Fuliaf_uMUSA LOW FALLING CLOSE BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0B0 Wiyaoe_hiø
ɵ
2
8

MUSA HIGH CLOSE-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0B1 Wifioe_arMUSA HIGH RISING CLOSE-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0B2 Wifaoe_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL CLOSE-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0B3 Wifuoe_afMUSA HIGH FALLING CLOSE-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0B4 YawioeMUSA LOW CLOSE-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0B5 Fiwiar_oeMUSA LOW RISING CLOSE-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0B6 Fawial_oeMUSA LOW LEVEL CLOSE-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0B7 Fuwiaf_oeMUSA LOW FALLING CLOSE-MID FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0B8 Siyao_hioooMUSA HIGH CLOSE-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0B9 Sifio_arMUSA HIGH RISING CLOSE-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0BA Sifao_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL CLOSE-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0BB Sifuo_afMUSA HIGH FALLING CLOSE-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0BC Yasio MUSA LOW CLOSE-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0BD Fisiar_oMUSA LOW RISING CLOSE-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0BE Fasial_oMUSA LOW LEVEL CLOSE-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0BF Fusiaf_oMUSA LOW FALLING CLOSE-MID BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0C0 Tiyae_hieeeMUSA HIGH CLOSE-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0C1 Tifie_arMUSA HIGH RISING CLOSE-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0C2 Tifae_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL CLOSE-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0C3 Tifue_afMUSA HIGH FALLING CLOSE-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0C4 Yatie MUSA LOW CLOSE-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0C5 Fitiar_eMUSA LOW RISING CLOSE-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0C6 Fatial_eMUSA LOW LEVEL CLOSE-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0C7 Futiaf_eMUSA LOW FALLING CLOSE-MID FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0C8 Kiyaea_hiə
ɘ
ɤ
@
@\
7
ə
ë
MUSA HIGH CLOSE-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0C9 Kifiea_arMUSA HIGH RISING CLOSE-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0CA Kifaea_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL CLOSE-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0CB Kifuea_afMUSA HIGH FALLING CLOSE-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0CC YakieaMUSA LOW CLOSE-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0CD Fikiar_eaMUSA LOW RISING CLOSE-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0CE Fakial_eaMUSA LOW LEVEL CLOSE-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0CF Fukiaf_eaMUSA LOW FALLING CLOSE-MID BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0D0 Piyaue_hiy
ʉ
y
}
ü
ʉ
MUSA HIGH CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0D1 Pifiue_arMUSA HIGH RISING CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0D2 Pifaue_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0D3 Pifuue_afMUSA HIGH FALLING CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0D4 YapiueMUSA LOW CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0D5 Fipiar_ueMUSA LOW RISING CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0D6 Fapial_ueMUSA LOW LEVEL CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0D7 Fupiaf_ueMUSA LOW FALLING CLOSE FRONT ROUND VOWEL
E0D8 Niyai_hiiiiMUSA HIGH CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0D9 Nifii_arMUSA HIGH RISING CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0DA Nifai_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0DB Nifui_afMUSA HIGH FALLING CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0DC Yanii MUSA LOW CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0DD Finiar_iMUSA LOW RISING CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0DE Fanial_iMUSA LOW LEVEL CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0DF Funiaf_iMUSA LOW FALLING CLOSE FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0E0 Suyaah_hiɑ
ɒ
A
Q
ɑ
ɒ
MUSA HIGH OPEN BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0E1 Sufiah_arMUSA HIGH RISING OPEN BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0E2 Sufaah_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL OPEN BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0E3 Sufuah_afMUSA HIGH FALLING OPEN BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0E4 YasuahMUSA LOW OPEN BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0E5 Fisuar_ahMUSA LOW RISING OPEN BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0E6 Fasual_ahMUSA LOW LEVEL OPEN BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0E7 Fusuaf_ahMUSA LOW FALLING OPEN BACK ROUND VOWEL
E0E8 Kuyaa_hiaaa
ɒ̈
MUSA HIGH OPEN BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0E9 Kufia_arMUSA HIGH RISING OPEN BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0EA Kufaa_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL OPEN BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0EB Kufua_afMUSA HIGH FALLING OPEN BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0EC Yakua MUSA LOW OPEN BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0ED Fikuar_aMUSA LOW RISING OPEN BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0EE Fakual_aMUSA LOW LEVEL OPEN BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0EF Fukuaf_aMUSA LOW FALLING OPEN BACK SPREAD VOWEL
E0F0 Tuyaae_hiæ{æ
æ̇
MUSA HIGH OPEN FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0F1 Tufiae_arMUSA HIGH RISING OPEN FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0F2 Tufaae_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL OPEN FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0F3 Tufuae_afMUSA HIGH FALLING OPEN FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0F4 YatuaeMUSA LOW OPEN FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0F5 Fituar_aeMUSA LOW RISING OPEN FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0F6 Fatual_aeMUSA LOW LEVEL OPEN FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0F7 Futuaf_aeMUSA LOW FALLING OPEN FRONT SPREAD VOWEL
E0F8 Ruyaer_hiɝ
ɚ
3`
@`
ɝ
ɛ̇˞
MUSA CENTRAL RHOTIC VOWEL
E0F9 Rufier_arMUSA HIGH RISING CENTRAL RHOTIC VOWEL
E0FA Rufaer_alMUSA HIGH LEVEL CENTRAL RHOTIC VOWEL
E0FB Rufuer_afMUSA HIGH FALLING CENTRAL RHOTIC VOWEL
E0FC YaruerMUSA LOW CENTRAL RHOTIC VOWEL
E0FD Firuar_erMUSA LOW RISING CENTRAL RHOTIC VOWEL
E0FE Farual_erMUSA LOW LEVEL CENTRAL RHOTIC VOWEL
E0FF Furuaf_erMUSA LOW FALLING CENTRAL RHOTIC VOWEL
E100 Yuyuxk..MUSA SYLLABLE BREAK
E101 Yunuxn˜ⁿ◌MUSA PRENASAL PREFIX
E102 YumuyhɰM\ _GMUSA VELAR SEMIVOWEL
MUSA VELARIZING SUFFIX
E103 Yupuxbko_^MUSA BACKING SEMIVOWEL
E104 Yunaxst̤_kMUSA STIFFENING SUFFIX
E105 Yupayfre_^MUSA FRONTING SEMIVOWEL
E106 Yukaxrtˍ_-MUSA RETRACTING SUFFIX
E107 Yutaxsl˷_tMUSA SLACKENING SUFFIX
E108 Yusaxlo˕_oMUSA LOWERING SUFFIX
E109 YuwaMUSA LARYNGEAL AIRSTREAM PREFIX
E10A YumaMUSA SECONDARY PHONATION SUFFIX
E10B Yuliwww _wwMUSA LABIAL-VELAR SEMIVOWEL
MUSA LABIALIZING SUFFIX
E10C YuwixenMUSA ENDOLABIAL SUFFIX
E10D Yusixr˔_rMUSA RAISING SUFFIX
E10E Yutixad˖_+MUSA ADVANCING SUFFIX
E10F Yukixcə̯_"MUSA CENTERING SEMIVOWEL
E110 YupiywɥHMUSA LABIOPALATAL SEMIVOWEL
MUSA LABIOPALATAL SUFFIX
E111 Yuniyjj _jyMUSA PALATAL SEMIVOWEL
MUSA PALATALIZING SUFFIX
E112 Yusuxo_oMUSA OPENING SEMIVOWEL
E113 YukuxgˀMUSA GLOTTAL SUFFIX
E114 Yutuxemˁ_?\MUSA EMPHATIC SUFFIX
E115 Yuruwrɻ ɹr\` r\ɹMUSA RHOTIC SEMIVOWEL
E116 Nuyun nnnMUSA ALVEOLAR NASAL
E118 Numungmŋ͡mNmMUSA LABIAL-VELAR NASAL
E11C NukangŋNŋMUSA VELAR NASAL
E11F Nuwa͋MUSA NASAL FRICATIVE MANNER PREFIX
E120 NumaMUSA RAISED LARYNX PHONATION SUFFIX
E122 NuwimmɱFMUSA LABIODENTAL NASAL
E124 Nutim mmmMUSA BILABIAL NASAL
E125 NukinqɴN\ŋ̇MUSA UVULAR NASAL
E126 Nupinjȵn^ŋ̃MUSA PALATAL NASAL
E127 Nuninyɲn^ŋ̃MUSA TRUE PALATAL NASAL
E128 Nusunrɳn'MUSA RETROFLEX NASAL
E12C Muyucdǀ|\ǀMUSA DENTAL CLICK
E12E MumuMUSA PILCROW
E12F Mupuclǁ|\|\ǁMUSA LATERAL CLICK
E132 MukacvʞMUSA VELAR CLICK
E134 Musacpǂ=\ǂMUSA PALATAL CLICK
E135 Muwaʬ ʭMUSA PERCUSSIVE MANNER PREFIX
E136 MumaMUSA STRONG PHONATION SUFFIX
E139 Musicaǃ!\ǃMUSA ALVEOLAR CLICK
E13A MuticbʘO\ʘMUSA BILABIAL CLICK
E142 Puyul lllMUSA ALVEOLAR LATERAL APPROXIMANT
E148 Pukallʟ (ɫ)L\MUSA VELAR LATERAL APPROXIMANT
E14B Puwaʪ ʫMUSA LATERAL MEDIAL MANNER PREFIX
E14C PumaMUSA CREAKY PHONATION SUFFIX
E152 PupiljȴLMUSA PALATAL LATERAL APPROXIMANT
E153 PunilyʃLMUSA TRUE PALATAL LATERAL APPROXIMANT
E154 Pusulrɭl`MUSA RETROFLEX LATERAL APPROXIMANT
E158 Nayunxn_0MUSA VOICELESS ALVEOLAR NASAL
E15E Nakangxŋ̊N_0 ŋ̊MUSA VOICELESS VELAR NASAL
E161 Nawa'↓MUSA GLOTTALIC INGRESSIVE MANNER PREFIX
E162 NamaMUSA INGRESSIVE PHONATION SUFFIX
E166 Natimxm_0MUSA VOICELESS BILABIAL NASAL
E168 Napinjxȵ̊J_0ñ̥MUSA VOICELESS PALATAL NASAL
E169 Naninyxɲ̊J_0ñ̥MUSA VOICELESS TRUE PALATAL NASAL
E16A Nasunrxɳ̊n`_0ṇ̊MUSA VOICELESS RETROFLEX NASAL
E16B Nakuhnh~MUSA NASAL GLOTTAL APPROXIMANT
E16E Payuwdxð̞̊D_o_0MUSA VOICELESS CORONAL APPROXIMANT
E170 Pamuwrvxɹ̥̈r\_"_0MUSA VOICELESS MOLAR VELAR APPROXIMANT
E174 PakawkhM\_oMUSA VOICELESS VELAR APPROXIMANT
E176 Pasawrpxɹ̱̊r\_-_0MUSA VOICELESS POSTALVEOLAR APPROXIMANT
E177 PawaMUSA LINGUAL EGRESSIVE MANNER PREFIX
E178 PamaMUSA PRESSED PHONATION SUFFIX
E179 PaliwxʍWMUSA VOICELESS LABIAL-VELAR APPROXIMANT
E17A Pawivwxʋ̥v\_0ʋ̥MUSA VOICELESS LABIODENTAL APPROXIMANT
E17B Pasiwraxɹ̥r\_0MUSA VOICELESS ALVEOLAR APPROXIMANT
E17C Patibwxβ̞̊MUSA VOICELESS BILABIAL APPROXIMANT
E17D Pakiwkhqχ̞X_oMUSA VOICELESS UVULAR APPROXIMANT
E17F Paniyxj_0MUSA VOICELESS PALATAL APPROXIMANT
E183 Paruwrrxɻ̥r\`_0MUSA VOICELESS RETROFLEX APPROXIMANT
E184 Kayud dddMUSA VOICED ALVEOLAR PLOSIVE
E186 Kamugbɡ͡bgbMUSA VOICED LABIAL-VELAR PLOSIVE
E187 KapudldKλMUSA VOICED LATERAL AFFRICATE
E18A Kakag ɡggMUSA VOICED VELAR PLOSIVE
E18C KasadjʤdZMUSA VOICED HUSHING AFFRICATE
E18E KamaV!MUSA HARSH PHONATION SUFFIX
E190 Kawibbb_dMUSA VOICED LABIODENTAL PLOSIVE
E191 KasidzʣdzdzMUSA VOICED HISSING AFFRICATE
E192 Katib bbbMUSA VOICED BILABIAL PLOSIVE
E193 KakigqɢG\MUSA VOICED UVULAR PLOSIVE
E194 Kapidzyʥdz\dźMUSA VOICED HUMMING AFFRICATE
E195 KanigyɟJ\MUSA VOICED PALATAL PLOSIVE
E196 Kasudzrɖʐdz`dẓMUSA VOICED RUSTLING AFFRICATE
E199 Karudrɖd`MUSA VOICED RETROFLEX PLOSIVE
E19A Tayutkt_}MUSA HELD ALVEOLAR PLOSIVE
E19C Tamukpkkp̚kp_}MUSA HELD LABIAL-VELAR PLOSIVE
E1A0 Takakkk_}MUSA HELD VELAR PLOSIVE
E1A3 TawaMUSA SPASMODIC DYSPHONIA AIRSTREAM PREFIX
E1A4 TamaMUSA WEAK PHONATION SUFFIX
E1A8 Tatipkp_}MUSA HELD BILABIAL PLOSIVE
E1A9 Takiqkq_}MUSA HELD UVULAR PLOSIVE
E1AB Tanitykc_}MUSA HELD PALATAL PLOSIVE
E1AF Tarutrkʈ̚t`_}MUSA HELD RETROFLEX PLOSIVE
E1B0 SayudhðDðMUSA VOICED DENTAL FRICATIVE
E1B3 SapulzɮK\ɮMUSA VOICED ALVEOLAR LATERAL FRICATIVE
E1B6 SakaghɣGɣMUSA VOICED VELAR FRICATIVE
E1B8 SasazhʒZMUSA VOICED HUSHING SIBILANT
E1B9 SawaMUSA BUCCAL AIRSTREAM PREFIX
E1BA SamaV!!MUSA VENTRICULAR PHONATION SUFFIX
E1BC Sawiv vv v\ PvMUSA VOICED LABIODENTAL FRICATIVE
E1BD Sasiz zzzMUSA VOICED HISSING SIBILANT
E1BE SatibhβBβMUSA VOICED BILABIAL FRICATIVE
E1BF SakighqʁRɣ̇MUSA VOICED UVULAR FRICATIVE
E1C0 Sapizyʑz\MUSA VOICED HUMMING SIBILANT
E1C1 Sanighyʝj\ɣ̯MUSA VOICED PALATAL FRICATIVE
E1C2 Sasuzrʐz`MUSA VOICED RUSTLING SIBILANT
E1C3 Sakuhhɦh\MUSA VOICED GLOTTAL FRICATIVE
E1C4 Sanuqgʕ?\ʕMUSA VOICED PHARYNGEAL FRICATIVE
E1C6 Wayu*MUSA WILDCARD POSITION SUFFIX
E1C7 Wanu͆MUSA DENTOLABIAL POSITION SUFFIX
E1C8 WamuMUSA DOMED VELAR POSITION SUFFIX
E1C9 WapuMUSA LAMINAL RETROFLEX POSITION SUFFIX
E1CA WanaMUSA LAMINAL INTERDENTAL POSITION SUFFIX
E1CB WapaMUSA LAMINAL PALATOALVEOLAR POSITION SUFFIX
E1CC Waka͌MUSA VELOPHARYNGEAL POSITION SUFFIX
E1CD Wata̼MUSA LINGUOLABIAL POSITION SUFFIX
E1CE WasaMUSA APICAL PALATOALVEOLAR POSITION SUFFIX
E1CF WawaˍMUSA RETRACTED POSITION SUFFIX
E1D1 Wali͇MUSA LABIOALVEOLAR POSITION SUFFIX
E1D2 Wawi˖MUSA ADVANCED POSITION SUFFIX
E1D3 WasiMUSA APICAL ALVEOLAR POSITION SUFFIX
E1D4 WatiMUSA APICAL DENTAL POSITION SUFFIX
E1D5 WakiMUSA VELODORSAL POSITION SUFFIX
E1D6 WapiMUSA LAMINAL ALVEOLAR POSITION SUFFIX
E1D7 WaniMUSA LAMINAL DENTAL POSITION SUFFIX
E1D8 WasuMUSA APICAL RETROFLEX POSITION SUFFIX
E1D9 WakuMUSA UPPER PHARYNGEAL POSITION SUFFIX
E1DA Watu̪͆MUSA BIDENTAL POSITION SUFFIX
E1DB WaruMUSA SUBAPICAL RETROFLEX POSITION SUFFIX
E1DC MayuMUSA SECONDARY PHONATION PREFIX
E1DD ManuMUSA RAISED LARYNX PHONATION PREFIX
E1DE Mamu͈MUSA STRONG PHONATION PREFIX
E1DF MapuMUSA CREAKY PHONATION PREFIX
E1E0 ManaMUSA INGRESSIVE PHONATION PREFIX
E1E1 MapaMUSA PRESSED PHONATION PREFIX
E1E2 MakaV!MUSA HARSH PHONATION PREFIX
E1E3 Mata͉MUSA WEAK PHONATION PREFIX
E1E4 MasaV!!MUSA VENTRICULAR PHONATION PREFIX
E1E5 MawaMUSA MORE AIR PHONATION PREFIX
E1E6 MamaMUSA MODAL PHONATION PREFIX
E1E7 Mali( )MUSA SILENT PHONATION PREFIX
E1E8 MawiMUSA MORE VOICE PHONATION PREFIX
E1E9 Masi˳MUSA SLACK PHONATION PREFIX
E1EA MatiMUSA HOLLOW PHONATION PREFIX
E1EB MakiFMUSA FALSETTO PHONATION PREFIX
E1EC MapiMUSA BREATHY PHONATION PREFIX
E1ED ManiMUSA LOWERED LARYNX PHONATION PREFIX
E1EE MasṷMUSA STIFF PHONATION PREFIX
E1EF MakuMUSA WHISPER PHONATION PREFIX
E1F0 MatuMUSA PHARYNGEALIZED PHONATION PREFIX
E1F1 MaruVᴬᴬMUSA GROWL PHONATION PREFIX
E1F2 Liyuwdð̞D_oMUSA CORONAL APPROXIMANT
E1F4 Limuwrvɹ̈r\_"MUSA MOLAR VELAR APPROXIMANT
E1F8 Likawghɣ̞M\MUSA VELAR APPROXIMANT
E1FA Lisawrpɹ̱r\_-MUSA POSTALVEOLAR APPROXIMANT
E1FB Liwa͎MUSA WHISTLED MANNER PREFIX
E1FC Lima( )MUSA SILENT PHONATION SUFFIX
E1FD LiliwwMUSA LABIAL-VELAR APPROXIMANT
E1FE Liwivwʋv\ PMUSA LABIODENTAL APPROXIMANT
E1FF Lisiwraɹr\_MUSA ALVEOLAR APPROXIMANT
E200 Litibwβ̞B_oMUSA BILABIAL APPROXIMANT
E201 Likiwghqʁ̞R_oMUSA UVULAR APPROXIMANT
E203 LiniyyMUSA PALATAL APPROXIMANT
E205 Likuhxʔ̰?_kMUSA GLOTTAL APPROXIMANT
E206 Lituqwʕ̞?\_oMUSA PHARYNGEAL APPROXIMANT
E207 Liruwrrɻr\`MUSA RETROFLEX APPROXIMANT
E208 Wiyutxt_hMUSA ASPIRATED ALVEOLAR PLOSIVE
E20B WiputlxtɬʰtK_hλʰMUSA ASPIRATED LATERAL AFFRICATE
E20E Wikakxk_hMUSA ASPIRATED VELAR PLOSIVE
E210 WisachxʧʰtS_hčʰMUSA ASPIRATED HUSHING AFFRICATE
E212 WimaMUSA MORE VOICE PHONATION SUFFIX
E215 Wisitsxʦʰts_hMUSA ASPIRATED HISSING AFFRICATE
E216 Witipxp_hMUSA ASPIRATED BILABIAL PLOSIVE
E217 Wikikqxq_hMUSA ASPIRATED UVULAR PLOSIVE
E218 Wipitsyaʨʰts\_hćʰMUSA ASPIRATED HUMMING AFFRICATE
E219 Wifukyac_hk̯ʰMUSA ASPIRATED PALATAL PLOSIVE
E21A Wisutsrxʈʂʰts`_hc̣ʰMUSA ASPIRATED RUSTLING AFFRICATE
E21D Wirutrxʈʰt`_hṭʰMUSA ASPIRATED RETROFLEX PLOSIVE
E21E SiyuthcθʼD_>θ̓MUSA EJECTIVE DENTAL FRICATIVE
E221 SipulzcɬʼK\_>ł̓MUSA EJECTIVE ALVEOLAR LATERAL FRICATIVE
E224 Sikakhcx_>MUSA EJECTIVE VELAR FRICATIVE
E226 SisashcʃʼS_>š̓MUSA EJECTIVE HUSHING SIBILANT
E228 Sima˳MUSA SLACK PHONATION SUFFIX
E22A Siwifcf_>MUSA EJECTIVE LABIODENTAL FRICATIVE
E22B Sisiscs_>MUSA EJECTIVE HISSING SIBILANT
E22D SikikhqcχʼX_>x̣̓MUSA EJECTIVE UVULAR FRICATIVE
E22E Sipisycɕʼs\ź̓MUSA EJECTIVE HUMMING SIBILANT
E22F Sinikhycçʼc\x̯̓MUSA EJECTIVE PALATAL FRICATIVE
E230 Sisusrcʂʼs`ẓ̓MUSA EJECTIVE RUSTLING SIBILANT
E232 SituMUSA SYMBOL
E234 Tiyutct_>MUSA EJECTIVE ALVEOLAR PLOSIVE
E236 Timukpc͡kp'kp_>MUSA EJECTIVE LABIAL-VELAR PLOSIVE
E237 TiputlctɬʼtK_>λ̓MUSA EJECTIVE LATERAL AFFRICATE
E23A Tikakck_>MUSA EJECTIVE VELAR PLOSIVE
E23C TisachcʧʼtS_>č̓MUSA EJECTIVE HUSHING AFFRICATE
E23E TimaMUSA HOLLOW PHONATION SUFFIX
E241 Tisitscʦʼts_>MUSA EJECTIVE HISSING AFFRICATE
E242 Titipcp_>MUSA EJECTIVE BILABIAL PLOSIVE
E243 Tikikqcq_>MUSA EJECTIVE UVULAR PLOSIVE
E244 Tipitsycʨʼts\_>ć̓MUSA EJECTIVE HUMMING AFFRICATE
E245 Tinikycc_>k̯̓MUSA EJECTIVE PALATAL PLOSIVE
E246 Tisutsrcʈʂʼts`_>c̣̓MUSA EJECTIVE RUSTLING AFFRICATE
E249 Tirutrcʈʼt`_>ṭ̓MUSA EJECTIVE RETROFLEX PLOSIVE
E24A Kiyudcɗd_<ɗMUSA VOICED ALVEOLAR IMPLOSIVE
E250 Kikagcɠg_<ɠMUSA VOICED VELAR IMPLOSIVE
E254 KimaFMUSA FALSETTO PHONATION SUFFIX
E258 Kitibcɓb_<ɓMUSA VOICED BILABIAL IMPLOSIVE
E259 KikigqcʛG\_<ʛMUSA VOICED UVULAR IMPLOSIVE
E25B KinigycʄJ\_<ʄMUSA VOICED PALATAL IMPLOSIVE
E25D Kiku''MUSA EPIGLOTTAL STOP
E25F Kirudrcd`_<MUSA VOICED RETROFLEX IMPLOSIVE
E260 Piyulxl_0MUSA VOICELESS ALVEOLAR LATERAL APPROXIMANT
E266 Pikallxʟ̥L\_0MUSA VOICELESS VELAR LATERAL APPROXIMANT
E269 PiwaMUSA PULMONIC INGRESSIVE MANNER PREFIX
E26A PimaMUSA BREATHY PHONATION SUFFIX
E270 Pipiljxȴ̥L_0MUSA VOICELESS PALATAL LATERAL APPROXIMANT
E271 Pinilyxʎ̥L_0MUSA VOICELESS TRUE PALATAL LATERAL APPROXIMANT
E272 Pisulrxl`_0MUSA VOICELESS RETROFLEX LATERAL APPROXIMANT
E276 Niyurxɾ̥4_0MUSA VOICELESS ALVEOLAR TAP
E279 Nipurlxɺ̥l\_0MUSA VOICELESS LATERAL TAP
E27E Nisarzxr̝̊MUSA VOICELESS FRICATIVE TRILL
E27F Niwa͊MUSA DENASAL MANNER PREFIX
E280 NimaMUSA LOWERED LARYNX PHONATION SUFFIX
E283 Nisirrxr_0r̥̃MUSA VOICELESS ALVEOLAR TRILL
E285 Nikirqxʀ̥R\_0MUSA VOICELESS UVULAR TRILL
E28A NinuqhʜH\MUSA VOICELESS PHARYNGEAL TRILL
E28B Nirurhxɽ̊r̥r\_0MUSA VOICELESS RETROFLEX TRILL
E28C SuyuthθTθMUSA UNVOICED DENTAL FRICATIVE
E28F SupulsɬKłMUSA UNVOICED ALVEOLAR LATERAL FRICATIVE
E292 Sukakhxx x\xMUSA UNVOICED VELAR FRICATIVE
E294 SusashʃSMUSA UNVOICED HUSHING SIBILANT
E295 SuwaŒMUSA ESOPHAGEAL AIRSTREAM PREFIX
E296 Suma̭MUSA STIFF PHONATION SUFFIX
E298 Suwif fffMUSA UNVOICED LABIODENTAL FRICATIVE
E299 Susis sssMUSA UNVOICED HISSING SIBILANT
E29A Sutiphɸp\ɸMUSA UNVOICED BILABIAL FRICATIVE
E29B SukikhqχXMUSA UNVOICED UVULAR FRICATIVE
E29C Supisyɕs\MUSA UNVOICED HUMMING SIBILANT
E29D SunikhyçcMUSA UNVOICED PALATAL FRICATIVE
E29E Sususrʂs`MUSA UNVOICED RUSTLING SIBILANT
E29F SukuhhhhMUSA UNVOICED GLOTTAL FRICATIVE
E2A0 SunuqxħX\ħMUSA UNVOICED PHARYNGEAL FRICATIVE
E2A2 Kuyudxd_tMUSA BREATHY ALVEOLAR PLOSIVE
E2A5 KupudlxdɮʱdK_tλ̤MUSA BREATHY LATERAL AFFRICATE
E2A8 Kukagxɡʱg_tMUSA BREATHY VELAR PLOSIVE
E2AA KusadjxʤʱdZ_tǰ̤MUSA BREATHY HUSHING AFFRICATE
E2AB KuwaV̬!!MUSA DIPLOPHONIA AIRSTREAM PREFIX
E2AC KumaMUSA WHISPER PHONATION SUFFIX
E2AF Kusidzxʣʱdz_tdz̤MUSA BREATHY HISSING AFFRICATE
E2B0 Kutibxb_tMUSA BREATHY BILABIAL PLOSIVE
E2B1 KukigqxɢʱG\_tġ̤MUSA BREATHY UVULAR PLOSIVE
E2B2 Kupidzyaʥʱdz\_tdź̤MUSA BREATHY HUMMING AFFRICATE
E2B3 Kunigyaɟʱj\_tg̣̤MUSA BREATHY PALATAL PLOSIVE
E2B4 Kusudzrxɖʐʱdz`_tdẓ̤MUSA BREATHY RUSTLING AFFRICATE
E2B7 Kurudrxɖʱd`_tḍ̤MUSA BREATHY RETROFLEX PLOSIVE
E2B8 Tuyut tttMUSA UNVOICED ALVEOLAR PLOSIVE
E2BA Tumukpk͡pkpMUSA UNVOICED LABIAL-VELAR PLOSIVE
E2BB TuputltKƛMUSA UNVOICED LATERAL AFFRICATE
E2BE Tukak kkkMUSA UNVOICED VELAR PLOSIVE
E2C0 TusachʧtSMUSA UNVOICED HUSHING AFFRICATE
E2C1 TuwaЮMUSA TRACHEO-ESOPHAGEAL AIRSTREAM PREFIX
E2C2 TumaMUSA PHARYNGEALIZED PHONATION SUFFIX
E2C4 Tuwippp_dMUSA UNVOICED LABIODENTAL PLOSIVE
E2C5 TusitsʦtscMUSA UNVOICED HISSING AFFRICATE
E2C6 Tutip pppMUSA UNVOICED BILABIAL PLOSIVE
E2C7 TukikqqqqMUSA UNVOICED UVULAR PLOSIVE
E2C8 Tupitsyʨts\MUSA UNVOICED HUMMING AFFRICATE
E2C9 TunikyccMUSA UNVOICED PALATAL PLOSIVE
E2CA Tusutsrʈʂts`MUSA UNVOICED RUSTLING AFFRICATE
E2CB Tuku'ʔ?MUSA GLOTTAL STOP
E2CC Tunuqkʡ>/MUSA UNVOICED PHARYNGEAL PLOSIVE
E2CD Turutrʈt`MUSA UNVOICED RETROFLEX PLOSIVE
E2CE Ruyur ɾ4rMUSA ALVEOLAR TAP
E2D1 Rupurlɺl\MUSA LATERAL FLAP
E2D6 RusarzMUSA FRICATIVE TRILL
E2D7 RuwaИMUSA ELECTROLARYNGEAL AIRSTREAM PREFIX
E2D8 RumaVᴬᴬMUSA GROWL PHONATION SUFFIX
E2DA RuwibrMUSA LABIODENTAL FLAP
E2DB RusirrrrMUSA ALVEOLAR TRILL
E2DC RutibrrʙB\MUSA BILABIAL TRILL
E2DD RukirqʀR\ʀMUSA UVULAR TRILL
E2E0 Rusurrrɽrr_rṛ̃MUSA RETROFLEX TRILL
E2E2 Runuqrʢ<\MUSA PHARYNGEAL TRILL
E2E3 RururhɽrMUSA RETROFLEX FLAP
CodepointLetter NameTransIPAX-SAPAUnicode Name

Ro-Musa Transliterations

The Ro-Musa column in the list above refers to the standard set of transliterations of Musa into the Roman alphabet. In Ro-Musa transliterations, the following letters have special meanings:

When spelling out a Ro-Musa transliteration, separate each Musa letter with a space.


< Letter Names Digital Musa >


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